Survival (%) of brackish water whitefish (A) (169 days from the end of early embryonic period, n = 36), anadromous sea-migratory whitefish (B) (140 days from the end of early embryonic period, n = 36), freshwater vendace (C) (175 days from the end of early embryonic period, n = 36) and freshwater whitefish (D) (186 days from the end of early embryonic period, n = 36) during the late embryonic phase, hatching and larval period in different sulfate (SO₄^2–) concentrations with control treatments (BW = brackish water, RW = R. Kokemäenjoki water, LW = L. Konnevesi water) and their background SO₄^2–concentrations. The significance levels are above the bars (Kruskall-Wallis): − = P > 0.05, * = P < 0.05, ** = P < 0.01. Vertical lines on bars represent the 95% confidence limits.