Research Article

Land use change causes environmental homogeneity and low beta-diversity in Heteroptera of streams

¹ Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação-PPGBC, Laboratório de Ictiologia de Altamira-LIA, Universidade Federal do Pará − UFPA, campus de Altamira, Pará, Brazil
² Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia − UFPA/MPEG, Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação − LABECO, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, N° 1, Bairro Guamá, CEP: 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
³ Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação-PPGBC, Laboratório de Ictiologia de Altamira-LIA, Universidade Federal do Pará − UFPA, campus de Altamira, Pará, Brazil
⁴ Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação − PPGECO, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso − UNEMAT, campus de Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil

^* Corresponding author: brasil_biologia@hotmail.com

Received: 9 January 2020
Accepted: 24 March 2020

Abstract

Although species distribution pattern is a widely discussed topic, understanding the mechanisms that drive it in time and space is still one of the central goals of ecology. Moreover, it is of the most importance to discuss the maintenance of this biodiversity and the services it provides. Therefore, our aim is to test the following hypotheses: 1) Preserved environments have higher beta-diversity than environments with lower preservation values, since beta-diversity is determined by environmental variations between habitats; 2) Beta-diversity will be better than species richness to detect changes in community regarding environmental integrity gradients. This will occur because richness is not sensitive to changes in composition and this might mask results when sensitive species are lost and generalist species are introduced into the altered environments. In order to test these hypotheses, 20 points were sampled in five streams of the Brazilian Cerrado with different integrity conditions. Environmental change did not affect Heteroptera richness; however, it affected the beta-diversity of the group as a whole and of Nepomorpha, also negatively affecting both Gerromorpha beta-diversity and richness. Moreover, there was difference in variation of Gerromorpha composition in altered and degraded sites, but there was no effect on Nepomorpha. These results show that Gerromorpha is more sensitive to physical changes in streams caused by the loss of environmental integrity. Therefore, environmental changes with no regard to riparian vegetation boundaries causes shifts in stream conditions and changes aquatic communities, which places at risk the ecosystems services provided by these communities.