Responses of the macroinvertebrate community to urban wastewater pollution in the upper Ouémé Basin in Benin

Special Issue - Advances in freshwater ecology in Sub-Saharan Africa

Open Access

Table 3

Mean values ± SD of the physical and chemical parameters according to locations and seasons. Letters results of Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests on “season” and “location”, respectively.

	Season		Location
Parameters	Dry	Wet	Control	Impacted	Downstream
Temperature (°C)	28.9 ± 1.8^a	26.7 ± 2.4^b	26.2 ± 2.7^a	27.9 ± 1.8^b	29.3 ± 1.4^c
pH	8.0 ± 0.6^a	7.4 ± 0.4^b	7.6 ± 0.5^a	7.8 ± 0.7^a	7.7 ± 0.5^a
Transparency (cm)	15.0 ± 5.6^a	19.4 ± 7.6^b	12.5 ± 4.1^a	15.7 ± 4.0^b	23.4 ± 7.3^c
Depth (cm)	16.1 ± 5.3^a	19.4 ± 7.7^b	13.0 ± 4.0^a	16.5 ± 3.5^b	23.8 ± 6.9^c
Conductivity (μS/cm⁻¹)	312 ± 240^a	196 ± 154^b	55 ± 30^a	447 ± 212^b	259 ± 94^c
BOD₅ (mgO₂ L⁻¹)	56.5 ± 38.9^a	41.1 ± 30.0^b	11.6 ± 3.8 ^a	85.7 ± 19.2^b	49.0 ± 25.2^c
COD (mg L⁻¹)	150 ± 124^a	104 ± 93^b	22 ± 7^a	247 ± 93^b	111 ± 53^c
NH₄⁺ (mg L⁻¹)	1.7 ± 2.5^a	0.5 ± 0.2^b	0.2 ± 0.0 ^a	2.4 ± 1.8 ^b	0.8 ± 0.6 ^a
NO^3– (mg L⁻¹)	4.8 ± 1.1 ^a	3.0 ± 0.6 ^b	0.0 ± 0.1^a	10.8 ± 2.1^b	0.8 ± 0.1^a
PO₄^3– (mg L⁻¹)	6.3 ± 5.8^a	2.5±2.5^b	1.0 ± 0.8^a	8.2 ± 5.2^b	4.0 ± 3.9^c
NO₂^– (mg L⁻¹)	0.2 ± 0.0^a	0.1 ± 0.0^b	0.0 ± 0.0^a	0.3 ± 0.1^b	0.1 ± 0.0^a

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