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Table 1
Drivers of Chironomidae diversity obtained from literature data.
| Ecosystem | Zone | Dominant substrate | Common taxa | Drivers of diversity | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult males | |||||
| Spring | Rheocrene | M. uva | Giłka et al. 2013 | ||
| River | Potamal | Sand, stone | O. rivicola | Gadawski et al. (2022b) | |
| Spring | Rhithral | Sand, stone | O. rivicola, Tanytarsus sp., P. nubeculosum | Fast water current, low water temperature | Gadawski et al. (2022b) |
| Lake | Open-lake | Silt | Synendotendipes lepidus (Meigen, 1830) | Accumulation of detritus | Gadawski et al., (2022b) |
| Lake | Lake-littoral | Stone | P. nubeculosum, Polypedilum scalaenum (Schrank, 1803), Cladotanytarsus mancus (Walker, 1856) agg. | Accumulation of detritus, high water temperature | Gadawski et al. (2022b) |
| Lake | Open-lake | Macrophytes | Procladius choreus (Meigen, 1804) | Accumulation of detritus | Gadawski et al. (2022b) |
| Spring | Krenal | Sand, stone | P. nubeculosum, C. alpestris | Low water temperature, high oxygen concentration | Gadawski et al. (2022b) |
| River | Potamal | Silt | C. bicinctus, C. edwardsi,P. nubeculosum | Accumulation of detritus, slow water current | Gadawski et al. (2022b) |
| Lake | Open-lake | Silt | S. lepidus, P. nubeculosum | High water temperature | Gadawski et al. (2022b) |
| Lake | Lake-littoral | Macrophytes | Paratanytarsus dissimilis (Johannsen, 1905), Glyptotendipes pallens (Meigen, 1804), Stictochironomus sp., P. laetipes, Cladopelma virescens (Meigen, 1818), C. sylvestris | High water temperature, presence of macrophytes | Gadawski et al. (2022b) |
| Pupal exuviae | |||||
| Lakes | Lake-littoral | FPOM, macrophytes | C. plumosus, C. Pe 1, C. Pe 2, C. Pe 3, Paratanytarsus bituberculatus (Edwards, 1929), C. alpestris, Tanytarsus miriforceps (Kieffer, 1921), G. pallens, Glyptotendipes foliicola Kieffer, 1918, Kiefferulus tendipediformis (Goetghebuer, 1921), Tanypus punctipennis Meigen, 1818, Paratanytarsus laetipes (Zetterstedt, 1850), Paratanytarsus inopertus (Walker, 1856), Sergentia sp., Cryptotendipes pseudotener (Goetghebuer, 1922) | Accumulation of detritus, low oxygen concentration, high water temperature | Gadawski et al. (2022b) |
| Lakes | Open-lake | Stone | Tanytarsus chinyensis (Goetghebuer, 1922) | Hard substrate covered by algae | Gadawski et al. (2022b) |
| Lakes | Lake-littoral | Macrophytes | P. bituberculatus, Tanytarsus usmaensis Pagast, 1931, C. plumosus, C. sylvestris, Endochironomus albipennis (Meigen, 1830) | Presence of macrophytes, water temperature | Gadawski et al. (2022b) |
| Larvae | |||||
| Springs | Rheocrene (particularly eucrenon and hypocrenon) | Organic soil | P. olivacea, Paraphaenocladius spp.,Chironomus spp., | Rheocrenes | Płóciennik et al. (2016) |
| Springs | Krenal | Sand, stones of mineral origin | O. type S, C. bicinctus-type, P. intricatus, P. albimanus and Chironomus spp., | Fast-flowing water | Idiado et al. (2018) |
| Springs | Rheocrene | Organic (mostly acidic) accumulations | Micropsectra spp., C. bicinctus-type, Limnophyes spp., Zavrelimyia, B. cf. flexidens, Diamesa spp.,R. fuscipes, S. semivirens, Smittia spp., | Slow flowing water, cold and oligotrophic habitats, semiterrestrial | Idiado et al. (2018) |
| Seepages and ditches | Rheocrene | Hard substratum | R. effusus, O. type S, Zavrelimyia, C. bicinctus-type, C. cf. antennalis,R. fuscipes | Fast-flowing water, low temperature | Idiado et al. (2018) |
| Marginal zones of mainstream valleys | Astatic waters | Fine sediment, organic soil | Limnophyes spp., Thienemannimyia-type genera agg. | Fast-flowing water, low temperature | Idiado et al. (2018) |
| Mountain springs | Rheocrene | Variant microhabitats | R. effusus, C. dentiforceps agg., Diamesa spp., Eudactylocladius spp., Euorthocladius spp., M. type A, M. contracta-type, P. penerasus, R. effusus, T. bavarica | Flowing water, low temperature | Berlajolli et al. (2020) |
| Springs | Krenal and rhithral springs | Sand, stones | P. nubeculosum, C. alpestris, Tanytarsus spp. | Fast-flowing water, low temperature | Gadawski et al. (2022b) |
| Lakes, suclacustrine springs | Lake-littoral | Boulders, stones and coarse gravel | genera: Acricotopus spp., Corynoneura (e.g., C. gratias and C. edwardsi), Cricotopus (e.g., C. sylvestris and C. bicinctus), Dicrotendipes (e.g., D. lobiger, D. nervosus, D. notatus, D. pulsus), Limnophyes (e.g., L. minimus and L. natalensis), Orthocladius (e.g., O. abiskoensis, O. excavatus, O. luteipes, O. oblidens, O. pedestris, O. rivicola, O. rubicundus), Parachaetocladius (e.g., P. abnobaeus), Paratrichocladius (e.g., P. rufiventris) and Pseudosmittia (e.g., P. trilobata) | Algae covering the surface of rocks, wood and other sunken objects | Gadawski et al. (2022b) |
| Springs | Permanent suclacustrine spring (below 30m depth) | Sand, stones of mineral origin | P. convictum, C. plumosus | Fast-flowing water, low temperature | Gadawski et al. (2022b) |
| Springs, pools | Springs forming pools, also temporary | Sand, stones, silt | O. rivicola, C. bicinctus, C. edwardsi and P. nubeculosum | Slow-flowing water | Gadawski et al., (2022b) |
| Springs | Permanent and temporary rheocrene | Sand, stones | B. bifida, C. pallidula, E. brevicalcar, E. clypeata, T. ejuncidus, T. laeta | Fast-flowing water | Gadawski et al., (2022b) |
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