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Table 1
Effects of predator exposure (before and after exposure) and origin (wild or hatchery) on anti-predator behavior of grass carp (mixed models with fish group as a random effect).
| Responding variables | Predator exposure | Origin | Predator exposure × origin (interaction) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time spent in risky area | DF | 485 | 485 | 485 |
| T | 26.88 | 6.30 | −3.08 | |
| P | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | |
| Shoal cohesion | DF | 485 | 485 | 485 |
| T | −2.34 | 3.75 | −0.39 | |
| P | 0.020 | <0.001 | 0.690 | |
| Inspection | DF | 485 | 485 | 485 |
| T | 5.22 | 10.09 | −6.75 | |
| P | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
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