Aquatic invertebrate assemblages in ponds from coastal Mediterranean wetlands

¹ University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses and Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Husova tř. 458/102, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
² Department of Microbiology and Ecology/ICBiBE, University of Valencia, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain

^* Corresponding author: pardo@frov.jcu

Received: 7 November 2013
Accepted: 9 May 2014

Abstract

Invertebrate aquatic assemblages in ponds from Mediterranean wetlands are composed of organisms belonging to different taxonomic groups, which present a wide range of sizes (from small rotifers to large crustaceans or insects). Although they are often sampled and analyzed separately, the ecological links among these organisms should be considered, especially in very shallow waters. In our study, invertebrate assemblages (including micro-, macrozooplankton and macroinvertebrates) were characterized in eight shallow lakes from Mediterranean wetlands in Southeastern Spain. A great spatial and temporal variability in the assemblages and in some environmental features was observed. The community was dominated in abundance and species richness by rotifers in most of the water bodies. Fish greatly contributed to the differences in community composition, as fishless ponds presented abundant and diverse cladoceran populations. Nutrient and chlorophyll-a concentration, conductivity and macrophyte cover had also a great influence on these assemblages, especially in micro- and macrozooplankton. The temporal changes observed in some of these variables affect the proportion of invertebrate biomass of the different groups along the study period. All this environmental heterogeneity produces similar responses in the invertebrate groups, in general well adapted to salinity changes or high trophic conditions. Although the heterogeneity and human disturbances can increase regional diversity, they can cause the disappearance of valuable habitats, and finally, the homogeneity in invertebrate assemblages.