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The concept of functional feeding groups was used to classify and reveal the seasonal variation of phytoplankton functional groups in relation to environmental parameters. Phytoplankton species were grouped into 17 functional groups that vary significant spatially and seasonally. The pattern of phytoplankton functional groups seasonal successions decided by the five predominant functional groups. Total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, N:P ratio, water depth and transparency were the major factor influencing phytoplankton community in this basin.