Table 2

Model validation results for population-specific development to 50% hatching models (DR₅₀) for cisco (Coregonus artedi) from lakes Superior (Apostle Island and Thunder Bay) and Ontario, vendace (C. albula) from Lake Southern Konnevesi, and European whitefish (C. lavaretus) from lakes Geneva and Annecy. Starting and ending spawning temperatures (°C) used as model parameters are listed and the model output (i.e., degree-days at hatching) from population-specific and species-specific models were compared to in situ hatching data for each study group. N indicates the number of available years with daily in situ water temperatures and across which spawning temperatures were averaged. Bolded degree-days at hatching indicates the selected DR₅₀ model for each study group, if one was validated. Population-specific DR₅₀ models were fit to data for C. artedi from lakes Superior (Apostle Islands) and Ontario, C. albula and C. lavaretus from Lake S. Konnevesi (Stewart et al., 2021a), and C. lavaretus from Lake Geneva (Stewart et al., in review). Species-specific DR₅₀ models were taken for C. artedi from Pickerel Lake (Colby and Brooke, 1973), C. albula from Lake Kosno (Luczyński and Kirklewska, 1984), and C. lavaretus (pelagic species) from Lake Constance (Eckmann, 1987).