Accumulation and seasonal variation of toxic and trace elements in tissues of Cyprinus carpio from semi-intensive aquaculture ponds

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Table 2

Element concentrations in sediment, zooplankton, pellets, and carp gut content, liver, dorsal and abdominal muscle (mean ± standard error, n = 24, except for pellets where n = 5). Concentrations are expressed in mg/kg dry weight.

	Sediment	Zooplankton	Pelleted feed	Gut content	Liver	Dorsal muscle	Abdominal muscle
Al	4434 ± 306^a	2512 ± 311	83.31 ± 5.76	4922 ± 367^a	39.84 ± 13.74	4.772 ± 0.480^f	4.448 ± 0.374^f
As	4.79 ± 0.91	0.763 ± 0.097^b	0.091 ± 0.009	1.01 ± 0.15^b	0.621 ± 0.055^b	0.401 ± 0.030^f	0.365 ± 0.032^f
B	27.48 ± 0.57	0.141 ± 0.007^b	0.122 ± 0.002^c	0.157 ± 0.020^b,d	0.156 ± 0.041^b,c,d,e	0.0788 ± 0.0007	0.140 ± 0.053^b,c,d,e
Ba	12.5 ± 1.1	33.17 ± 4.36	1.502 ± 0.132	0.147 ± 0.015	0.0436 ± 0.0004	0.0527 ± 0.0002	0.0534 ± 0.0001
Cd	0.08 ± 0.02	0.141 ± 0.017	0.043 ± 0.005^c	0.281 ± 0.041	0.040 ± 0.005^c	0.0097 ± 0.0004^f	0.0093 ± 0.0004^f
Co	10.02 ± 0.30	1.35 ± 0.13	0.620 ± 0.019	2.38 ± 0.36	0.073 ± 0.015	dl	dl
Cr	13.58 ± 1.73^a	3.95 ± 0.47	0.316 ± 0.040	14.75 ± 2.27^a	dl	dl	dl
Cu	14.70 ± 2.41^a	11.70 ± 1.06^a,b	7.802 ± 0.741	17.48 ± 1.82^a,d	15.10 ± 1.64^a,b,d	0.542 ± 0.036^f	0.518 ± 0.025^f
Fe	16941 ± 602	2536 ± 315	178.4 ± 6.3	5181 ± 563	138.50 ± 28.51	7.471 ± 1.176^f	8.70 ± 1.93^f
Hg	0.179 ± 0.024	0.113 ± 0.007	0.012 ± 0.001^c	0.005 ± 0.000	0.014 ± 0.001^c,e	0.0111 ± 0.0005^c,e,f	0.0109 ± 0.0007^c,e,f
Li	46.63 ± 1.85	3.15 ± 0.39	0.148 ± 0.006^c	5.62 ± 0.74	0.168 ± 0.054^c,e	0.497 ± 0.059	0.108 ± 0.015^e
Mn	506 ± 19	70.61 ± 8.75^b	49.50 ± 1.93^c	57.18 ± 7.15^b,c	2.24 ± 0.27	0.495 ± 0.021	0.404 ± 0.034
Mo	0.090 ± 0.062^a	0.833 ± 0.047	1.199 ± 0.108	0.098 ± 0.013^a	0.374 ± 0.015	0.116 ± 0.003^a,f	0.118 ± 0.004^a,f
Ni	21.79 ± 1.32	2.98 ± 0.38^b	1.767 ± 0.107	4.27 ± 0.61^b	0.072 ± 0.027	0.016 ± 0.004^f	0.017 ± 0.006^f
Pb	16.72 ± 4.43	2.84 ± 0.22	dl	0.737 ± 0.153	0.026 ± 0.012	dl	dl
Sb	0.388 ± 0.113^a	0.484 ± 0.056^a	dl	dl	dl	0.011 ± 0.005^f	0.015 ± 0.001^f
Se	dl	0.457 ± 0.085^b	0.124 ± 0.007	0.039 ± 0.017	1.356 ± 0.064	0.472 ± 0.031^b,f	0.406 ± 0.024^b,f
Sr	97.13 ± 9.18	33.92 ± 6.24^b	10.51 ± 0.99	21.93 ± 2.08^b	0.232 ± 0.083	0.827 ± 0.198	0.069 ± 0.016
V	83.54 ± 3.18	6.28 ± 0.71	1.984 ± 0.076	0.007 ± 0.006^d	0.013 ± 0.005^d,e	0.017 ± 0.001^d,e,f	0.012 ± 0.004^d,e,f
Zn	36.92 ± 2.27^a	72.99 ± 4.55^b	58.09 ± 3.56^c	63.71 ± 4.38^b,c	520 ± 35	32.25 ± 2.44^a,f	40.87 ± 3.68^a,f

dl - detection limit; ^a,b,c,d,e,f differences between values within the same row sharing a superscript letter are not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

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