Diversity and distribution of the Macrothrix paulensis species group (Crustacea: Cladocera: Macrothricidae) in the tropics: what can we learn from the morphological data?

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Table 3

Character descriptions (p, present; a, absent).

1. Body shape: posterodorsal angle as a spine (a = 0, p = 1);

2. Body shape: dorsum elevated significantly above head (a = 0, p = 1);

3. Body: serration on dorsum (a = 0, p = 1);

4. Head: head pore small, projected under level of head (a = 0, p = 1);

5. Head: no gap between head and valves (0), a very deep gap between head and valve (1);

6. Head: ventral head margin without projection (0), somewhat convex (1), strongly convex (2);

7. Labrum: small (0), of moderate length, with a rounded apical portion (1), large and triangular (2);

8. Postabdomen: anal flaps (a = 0, p = 1);

9. Postabdomen: hairs on anal margin (a = 0, p = 1);

10. Postabdominal claw: denticles on outer face only small (0), both small and large (1), rare and robust (2), long and robust spines strongly increasing in size distally (3);

11. Antenna I: large spines along inner margin (a = 0, p = 1);

12. Antenna II: only robust denticles in the middle of largest seta (0), large denticles alternating with fine setules (1), only small setules (2);

13. Limb I: single ejector hook (a = 0, p = 1);

14. Limb II: soft seta near scraper 4 very large (a = 0, p = 1);

15. Limb III: seta 3 on exopodite more than two times longer than seta 2 (a = 0, p = 1);

16. Limb III: proximal endite with a small elongated sensillum and three setae (a = 0, p = 1);

17. Limb IV: setae 2 and 1 on exopodite of unequal in size (a = 0, p = 1);

18. Limb IV: no setae at the posterior surface of gnathobase (a = 0, p = 1);

19. Male: sensory seta and male seta located in antenna I at a short distance (0), far from each other (1), nearby (2).

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