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Issue Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim.
Volume 30, Number 1, March 1994
Page(s) 57 - 65
DOI 10.1051/limn/1994005

Annls Limnol. 30 (1) 1994 : 57-65
DOI: 10.1051/limn/1994005

Oligotrophication of Lake Zürich as reflected in Secchi depth measurements

F. Schanz

Institute of Plant Biology, Limnological Station, Seestr. 187, CH-8802 Kilchberg/Switzerland


Résumé
Dans le lac de Zurich, le matériel particulaire autochtone formé lors de la production primaire détermine la profondeur de visibilité du disque de Secchi. Le facteur d'atténuation des contrastes n'a aucun effet sur la profondeur du Secchi jusqu'à 9 m et une faible importance jusqu'à 13 m. Après la mise en fonctionnement, en 1970, des stations d'épuration d'eau, les changements des valeurs de transparence deviennent plus prononcés surtout pendant l'hiver (28 octobre - 10 février) et pendant la période d'eau claire (29 avril - 29 juillet). En hiver, la profondeur du Secchi est liée au développement des filaments d'Oscillatoria rubescens et n'est pas corrélée au changement de l'état trophique. En période d'eau claire, les mesures de restauration du lac entraînent une augmentation significative des valeurs du Secchi ; on observe, en outre, un allongement de la durée avec de fortes transparences pendant la période du 20 mai au 4 juillet. La technique de mesure du Secchi est simple mais bien valable pour apprécier les changements à long terme des qualités optiques d'un système lentique.


Abstract
Secchi depths recorded in Lake Zürich are determined mainly by concentrations of autochtonous material such as plankton and other material related to biomass production. The surface contrast transmittance factor has a negligible effect on a Secchi depth of up to 7 m and is of minor importance up to 13 m. Alterations in transparency values after 1970 as a result of the reduced nutrient input were most pronounced in the autumn-winter period (October 28 to February 19) as well as in the clear water phase (April 29 to July 29). After 1970, almost all buildings in the Lake Zürich drainage area were connected to a sewage treatment plant with a three stage purification. In the autumn-winter period, the Secchi depth is related to the development of Oscillatoria rubescens filaments and is not correlated with changes in trophic state. The restoration measures led to a statistically significant increase in the Secchi depth during the clear water phase, and additionally to a prolongation of the period with the highest tranparency values (May 20 to July 4). The Secchi technique is simple but seems to be valuable for recognizing long-term changes in the optical properties of a water body.


Key words: lake Zürich -- oligotrophication -- Secchi disk -- transparency -- oscillatoria rubescens -- clear water phase

Mots clés : lac de Zurich -- oligotrophisation -- disque de Secchi -- transparence -- oscillatoria rubescens -- période d'eau claire


© Gauthier-Villars 1994


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